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Vilani Etymology Rules

For those of you wonkish enough to care (you know who you are!).

I stumbled across some Vilani .sc (sound change) files on the Eaglestone University site a while ago. They looked very good, but also a little bit incomplete to me. In light of that, a few months ago I set about attempting to add what I could to 'firm up' the rules for building Old High Vilani words out of the existing Standard Vilani/OHV relationships.

Here's the resulting SV-OHV file; I'd say it accounts for at least 98% of all known SV-OHV transformations (at least according to the available lexicon). Rather than submit it as an attachment, I'm reprinting it here in this post; anyone who knows what to do with it can just cut/paste it into whatever programs they might use (or they can just plug it in to this website, right here):

SV-OHV sound changes said:
# Standard Vilani to Old High Vilani

# variables

V=aeiouäïü
C=bcdfg&hHjklmnpqrstvwxyz
A=aeiou
I=uoiea
B=äïïäü
X=aiu
W=äïü

E=gkK
F=sxg
G=zHK

S=ptk
T=ktp
U=ttf

Y=vz&
Z=bdg
L=rmn
M=&bd
N=lnx

# monograph those digraphs

aa/ä/_
ii/ï/_
uu/ü/_
kh/K/_
bh/f/_
ch/H/_
sh/x/_
ng/&/_

# STANDARD VILANI TO OLD HIGH VILANI
# sound change rules

# a minor de-metathesis

ar/ra/_l
er/re/_l
ir/ri/_l
or/ro/_l
ur/ru/_l
är/rä/_l
ïr/rï/_l
ür/rü/_l
rr/lar/_Vl

# re-aspiration of final 'k' from SV ot OHV

K/Ke/_#
k/K/La_#
k/K/Lä_#

# the 'bilanidin/vilani' rules

d/t/_a
Z/Y/#_AN
Z/Y/_AN#
Z/N/ZA_#
N/Z/#ZA_#
Y/Z/#_aN
Y/Z/#_uN
Z/Y/#_aNV#
iz//_i

# de-elision from Modern Vilani to OHV

s/si/_s
x/xi/_S
g/gi/_S
a//SVl_#

# no double digraph consonants (just in case)

x/ix/x_
K/iK/K_
&//_&

# an eccentric de-assimilation

ix//_i

m/en/#_V(C)#
n/en/#_
n/m/#(V)_(V)#
e//#_ne
e//#_ni
enu/li/#_

# vowel shifts

A/I/C_z
i/u/#N_N
ä/o/_
a/ä/r_#
o/ä/k_
o/ä/K_
o/ä/_k
o/ä/_K
o/ä/b_
i/u/G_L
i/u/G_F
u/i/#G_FV#
u/i/#K_L
u/i/L_#
u/ü/#C_L#

# elision of un-Vilani endings (dipthongs, etc.)

n/e/V_#
n/e/C_#
e/n/ï_#
&/n/#_

# a halfway-completed nazalization

Z/S/F_
d/t/#_VC(u)#
t/d/#_üC#
d/t/_VX
u//VZ_#
t/d/#_a
t/d/#_Vm#
t/d/#_Vn#
L/N/C_V#
L/N/ZX_#
N/L/#dX_#
N/L/C_ä#
L/N/YA_#
F/N/YA_#

ü/u/#d_L#

# fossilized postclitics (Old Dirmani)

ae/al/_
oe/ol/_
ie/i/_
ue/uhï/_
äe/ähe/_
ïe/ï/_
üe/ühe/_
i//#CVZ_#
i//#CVN_#
u/i/VL_#
l//ä_#
&i/&an/_#
d/l/&a_#
rz/rus/_
ür/ükur/_Vs
s/z/A_(V)#

# instabilities in '-b' postclitic borrowed from Chekaal

xap/xab/#_#
xap/xib/_#
alap/alub/_#
p/b/_#
ärek/äreb/_#
ek/ub/_#
m/b/_#
b/m/ra_#
m/b/#ra_
r/b/#Cu_#
T/Z/_l
L/M/_l
ïn/ïnub/_#
ge/gek/_#
egek/ege/_#

# walking back '-er' borrowings from ROM Anglic

ür/ub(ur)/_#
dle/d(r)/_#

# now unwrap the monographs
ä/aa/_
ï/ii/_
ü/uu/_
K/kh/_
f/bh/_
x/sh/_
H/ch/_
&/ng/_

# THE END

Some things that sort of "surfaced" while working on this a few months ago:

  1. While ironing out end-word dipthongs in SV, I somewhat inadvertently came across a rule which created the "-uhii" ending that appears in OHV but not SV (of which there's only one current example -- sarpuhii -- that I know of). This rule wound up having a rather unexpected, but intriguing, effect on some high-value SV words that currently have an -un ending (such as karun, Makhidkarun, burun, etc.), when transformed into OHV. One possible explanation for this is that uhii is a very old, high-status root word, possibly taken directly from Vland's Old Dirmani ur-language.
  2. A number of modern Vilani words somehow wound up with an -ur/-re ending being attached to them since their OHV days. I'm theorizing that these words are survivors of a Rule of Man Creolization process that either injected the Anglic "-er" nominalization postclitic ("work-er," "fight-er," etc.) into OHV words, or simply Vilanicized ROM Anglic words. To reflect this, those words are shown with their -ur/-re endings parenthisized when in their OHV forms.
  3. The -ub/-ab ending appears very often in OHV, but virtually disappears in SV -- in the process undergoing what appears to be a very unstable transformation process. My guess on this is that Vilani somehow finds this clitic hard to deal with -- I'm going with it being a borrowing from Old Vilani's sister language, Chekaal. Because there's a rather high correlation between it and the above -ur/-re endings, I'd say it's likely some form of a verbal marker or clitic.
  4. There is another collection of related archaic OHV endings (-ol/-al/-i) that I am attributing to an additional fossilized Old Dirmani postclitic that disappeared sometime in the post-Ziru Sirka era.
There you have it. Like I said, the rules outlined above account for nearly all of the sound changes currently alluded to in the Vilani lexicon.

One final note: any additions to this sound file should be very carefully considered before taken in to the structure. I'm not saying it couldn't (or shouldn't) be done (and you're welcome to try!); but considering how complicated some of the "canonical" SV-OHV changes are, there's a very good chance that any new sound change tossed in to the mix is going to wind up "breaking" a rule already applied to another word.
 
Now here's the sound change rules for turning English/Anglic words into Standard Vilani loanwords.

It works by first creating a phonetic version of whatever English word the user provides, translates that into its best Old High Vilani equivalent, and then "reverse engineers" the new OHV loanword into its Standard Vilani equivalent.

The part that creates the phonetic version of English is not my doing. I picked it up from over on this guy's site -- and I have to say that he did a very good job with it. English being English, however, it is also the principle reason why this particular instruction set is so long.

Here goes:

Creating Vilani loanwords out of Old Anglic said:
*
* Variables
*
* vowels, long, short
U=aeiou
V=aeiouäëïöüâêîôûùò@
L=äëïöüäëïöüäëïöüùò@
S=âêîôûâêîôûâêîôûùò@
A=aâä
E=eêë
I=iîï
O=oôö
&=eiou
* front
F=eiêîy
* any letter
X=bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyzç+$ñaeiouäëïöüâêîôûùò@
* consonants
C=bcdfghjKklmnpqrstvwxyzç+$ñ
* dentals, liquids, nasals
D=td+
R=rl
M=mnñ
T=tdns+
* stops, fricatives (voiced and voiceless)
P=ptk
B=bdg
ß=fs$+
Z=vz#+
%=vzñ
!=ln$
*
* Rules
*
* get rid of some digraphs
ch/ç/_
sh/$/_
ph/f/_
th/+/_
qu/kw/_
* and other spelling-level changes
w//_r
w//_ho
h//w_
h//#r_
h//x_
h//V_#
x/gz/#e_V
x/ks/_
'//_
* gh is particularly variable
gh/g/_V
V/L/C_gh
ough/ò/_t
augh/ò/_t
ough/ö/_
gh//_
* unpronounceable combinations
g//#_n
k//#_n
m//#_n
p//#_t
p//#_s
t//#_m
* medial y = i
y/ï/#C_#
y/ï/#CC_#
y/ï/#CCC_#
ey/ë/_
ay/ä/_
oy/öy/_
y/i/C_C
y/i/C_#
y/i/C_e#
ie/ï/CC_#
ie/ï/#C_#
* sSl can simplify
t//s_lV#
* affrication of t + front vowel
ci/$/X_V
ti/$/X_V
tu/çu/X_V
tu/çu/X_RV
si/$/C_o
si/j/V_o
s/$/C_ur
s/j/V_ur
s/$/k_uV
s/$/k_uR
* intervocalic s
s/z/&_V
* al to ol (do this before respelling)
a/ò/_ls
a/ò/_lr
a/ò/_ll#
a/ò/_lm(V)#
a/ò/C_lD
a/ò/#_lD
al/ò/X_k
* soft c and g
c/s/_F
c/k/_
ge/j/X_a
ge/j/X_o
g/j/_F
* init/final guF was there just to harden the g
gu/g/#_F
gu/g/_e#
* untangle reverse-written final liquids
re/@r/C_#
le/@l/C_#
* vowels are long medially
U/L/C_CV
U/L/#_CV
* and short before 2 consonants or a final one
U/S/C_CC
U/S/#_CC
U/S/C_C#
U/S/#_C#
* special but general rules
î/ï/_nd#
ô/ò/_ss#
ô/ò/_g#
ô/ò/_fC
ô/ö/_lD
â/ò/w_$
â/ò/w_(t)ç
â/ô/w_T
* soft gn
îg/ï/_M#
îg/ï/_MC
g//ei_n
* handle ous before removing -e
ou/@/_s#
ou/@/_sC
* remove silent -e
e//VC(C)(C)_#
* common suffixes that hide a silent e
ë//XXX_mênt#
ë//XXX_nêss#
ë//XXX_li#
ë//XXX_fûl#
* another common suffix
ï/ë/XXX_nêss#
* shorten (1-char) weak penults after a long
* note: this error breaks almost as many words as it fixes...
L/S/LC(C)(C)_CV#
* double vowels
eau/ö/_
ai/ä/_
au/ò/_
âw/ò/_
ee/ë/_
ea/ë/_
ei/ë/s_
ei/ä/_
eo/ë@/_
êw/ü/_
eu/ü/_
ie/ë/_
V/@/i_
i/ï/#C(C)_
i/ë/_@
oa/ö/_
oe/ö/_#
oo/ù/_k
oo/u/_
oul/ù/_d#
ou/ôw/_
oi/öy/_
ua/ü@/_
ue/u/_
ui/u/_
ôw/ö/_#
=* those pesky final syllabics
V/@/VC(V)_l#
ê/@/VC(C)_n#
î/@/VC(C)_n#
â/@/VC(C)_n#
ô/@/VC(C)_n#
* suffix simplifications
A/@/XXX_b@l#
ë/y/Xl_@n#
ë/y/Xn_@n#
* unpronounceable finals
b//m_#
n//m_#
* color the final vowels
a/@/_#
e/ë/_#
i/ë/_#
o/ö/_#
* vowels before r V=aeiouäëïöüâêîôûùò@
ôw/ö/_rX
ô/ö/_r
ò/ö/_r
â/ö/w_rC
â/ö/w_r#
ê/ä/_rr
ë/ä/_rIC
â/ä/_rr
â/ô/_rC
â/ô/_r#
â/ä/_r
ê/@/_r
î/@/_r
û/@/_r
ù/@/_r
* handle ng
ng/ñ/_ß
ng/ñ/_B
ng/ñ/_P
ng/ñ/_#
n/ñ/_g
n/ñ/_k
ô/ò/_ñ
â/ä/_ñ
* really a morphophonological rule, but it's cute
s/z/B_#
s/z/_m#
* double consonants
s//_s
s//_$
t//_t
t//_ç
p//_p
k//_k
b//_b
d//_d
d//_j
g//_g
n//_n
m//_m
r//_r
l//_l
f//_f
z//_z

* BEGIN ANGLIC TO OLD HIGH VILANI PHONETIC SHIFT

* first reconfigure the vowels

S/L/_V
kw/Ku/_

u/ü/_
ü/u/_#
ü/u/P_B
u/ü/B_#
@/a/M_#
@/a/ß_#
@/a/s_r#
@/u/_
ä/a/_
ë/e/ß_
ë/e/B_
ë/e/M_
ë/ï/_
ö/ü/_#
ö/o/_
â/e/M_
e/a/M_M
â/a/_
ê/e/_
î/i/_
ô/u/ß_P
ô/u/D_P
ô/a/_
û/i/_M#
û/u/_
ù/ü/_
ò/ä/_
w/ol/#_V(C)#
w/o/_
y/ir/#_V(C)#
y/ï/_

a/e/C_R
e/a/#B_R
e/a/s_R
e/a/p_RA
e/i/$_ß
o/na/#_R

* then put the consonants through the Vilani blender

lf/K/_
f/K/_ü
f/p/_
j/$/#_
j/Ka/M_#
j/dz/_
+/s/V_V
+/t/_
$/s/_VP

k/g/_#
ka/gi/#_M
kä/gï/#_M
k/K/#_ä
k/K/#_ü
k/K/#_ï
K/k/_ük
K/k/#_V(C)#
s/k/k_AR#

h/K/V_V
h/aK/#_V(C)#
h/K/#_VR
Z/ß/V_V
f/p/_
p/b/A_#

ñ/n/_#

h//_

çu/ki/#_
ç/rak/_#
ç/ts/_
C//_CC

v/vu/_C
ad/da/#_M
b/bu/#_C
p/pu/#_C
d/du/#_C
g/ag/#_C
k/ak/#_C
t//#_C
s/as/#_C
z/oz/#_C

K/k/_C#
äl/a/_#
l/le/e_#
l/la/_#
la/rä/_ß
al/li/#_
t/7/R_#
t/a7/#n_
t/a7/#r_
t//C_#
7/t/_
d/7/R_#
d/7u/#n_
d/7u/#r_
d//C_#
7/d/_

de/i/M_R
desï/diku/_
t/dem/RV_#
dem//rï_#
dïz/dise/_#
ur/a/_D#

# no dipthongs in Vilani!

aa/ä/_
ii/ï/_
uu/ü/_
a/ä/VV_
i/ï/VV_
u/ü/VV_
V//_V
V//_V

# the 'long-short' rule

i/ï/#_C(C)i
i/ï/iC(C)_
a/ä/#_(C)Ca
a/ä/aC(C)_
u/ü/#_(C)Cu
u/ü/uC(C)_
ä/a/_C(C)ä
ï/i/_C(C)ï
ü/u/_C(C)ü
o/e/oC(C)_

# Anglic exceptions (ROM words entered too late)

ä/a/_BR
ä/a/aM_
ä/a/R_D
ä/a/R_M
ü/u/K_k
ü/u/k_k
ü/u/k_K
ü/u/k_K
ü/u/K_R
ü/u/k_R

# NOW MOVE YOUR NEW OHV WORDS UP INTO STANDARD VILANI

# treating some -er words like their Vilani equivalents

(or)/re/_
(er)/re/_
bre/ür/_#

# a minor metathesis

r/2/B_
r/2/_Vs
ra/2a/_D
ra/2a/_M
ra/2i/_B
r/22/_ak#
ur/er/D_#
ur/re/_
ra/ar/_
ri/ir/_
ro/or/_
ru/ra/_M
ru/ur/_
rä/är/_l
rï/ar/_#
rï/ïr/_l
rü/ür/_l
lar/rr/_Vl
r/ru/R_#
l/lu/R_#
2/r/_
a/i/er_dV

%/B/#_U!
%/B/_U!#
!/B/BU_#
B/!/#BU_#
B/%/#_a!
B/%/#_u!
%/B/#_a!V#
v/b/_
b/

# elisions

si/s/_s
$i/$/_P
gi/g/_P

V//p_b(C)V
V//b_b(C)V
V//p_p(C)V
V//b_p(C)V
b//_B
p//_B
b//_P
p//_P
b/1/ä_
b/m/BU_#
b/m/PU_#
b/m/_UP#
p//PU_#
1/b/_

e/1/_
i/2/_r
a/3/_ra
u/4/_
V//M_R
4/u/_
3/a/_
2/i/_
1/e/_

n/na/#_r
n/e2/#_l
M//C_#
2/n/_
M//#_C
m/1/CRA_#
M//RA_#
1/m/_
r/ri/M_#

C//T_#
C//_TC
C//_%C

s//#_R
z//#_R
s/si/_CC
z/zï/_CC
s/as/C_#
z/zu/C_#

B//C_C
P//C_C
R//C_C

# an eccentric assimilation

en/m/#_V(C)#
en/n/#_
m/n/#(V)_(V)#
ne/ene/#_
ni/eni/#_

# vowel shifts

u/a/C_z
o/e/C_z
e/o/C_z
a/u/C_z
o/ä/_
u/i/#!_!
u/i/z_M
u/i/z_r
u/i/K_M
u/i/K_r
i/u/z_ñ
i/u/K_ñ
i/u/z_r
i/u/K_r
i/u/M_#
u/i/ñ_#

# a halfway completed nasalization

P/B/s_
P/B/$_
P/B/g_
t/d/_

u/ü/#d_r
u/ü/#d_m
u/ü/#d_n

ü/e/B_r#

b//#_R
d//#_R
g//#_R

s/z/_B
z/s/_P
z/s/_der#

n/in/#_C
m/em/#_C
ñ/añ/#_

d/id/C_#
b/eb/C_#
g/ag/C_#

# Vilani words never start with dual-consonant combination

b/be/#_C
d/di/#_C
g/ga/#_C
k/ka/#_C
K/Ku/#_C
l/lu/#_C
m/mu/#_C
n/ni/#_C
p/pi/#_C
r/ru/#_C
s/se/#_C
$/$i/#_C
z/zi/#_C

# But Vilani words need vowels!

b/be/#_(C)#
d/di/#_(C)#
g/ga/#_(C)#
k/ka/#_(C)#
K/Ku/#_(C)#
l/li/#_(C)#
m/mu/#_(C)#
n/ni/#_(C)#
p/pi/#_(C)#
r/re/#_(C)#
s/se/#_(C)#
$/$i/#_(C)#
z/zi/#_(C)#

# These consonant combos never come up, ever

b//_b
b/ba/_B
b/bu/_k
b/bu/_K
b/bi/_l
b/ba/_M
b/ba/_p
b/bu/_r
b/ba/_s
b/ba/_$
b/bu/_z
ds/d$/_
k/ka/_p
K/Kä/_p
l/r/_C
mp/mb/_
ñ/añ/C_
p/pa/_b
p/pu/_m
p/pa/_z
s/sa/_b
s/su/_m
s/sa/_p
sz/ss/_
z/zi/_B
z/zi/_l
z/za/_M
z/zi/_p
z/zu/_r
z//_s
z/za/_$
z//_z

# There's no dipthonging in Vilani! (revisited)

a/ä/_V
i/ï/_V
u/ü/_V
V//V_

# now unwrap those remaining digraphs

ä/aa/_
ï/ii/_
ü/uu/_
$/sh/_
ñ/ng/_
K/kh/_

# THE END

A couple of notes: If a word your transforming is one of those -er ending nominalized verbs I mentioned in the previous post, then be sure to surround the -er (or the -or, in some cases) with parentheses. Remember that English uses the -er ending for different purposes (comparatives, etc.), and Vilani "knows" this!

Also, this utility is pretty useful for translating Terran proper nouns (personal names, place names, etc.) into their Vilani equivalents. Just be sure to avoid capitalizing the first letter; that will only confuse the rules and yield garbage results.
 
Yowza. Thank you for completing a research project. We shall incorporate it into our curriculum.
 
The other day, I stumbled upon the newish hypothesis that languages evolve cyclically, regularly rebuilding upon bits which get eroded and mashed up and just plain blasted over time, but in specific ways.

With that, I figure that because Standard Vilani is mainly agglutinative, then Old High Vilani was analytic, and Archaic Vilani was inflected.

Presumably, then, any inflections in Standard Vilani would be innovations, and the analytic bits (like the modal enclitics) are leftovers from OHV.
 
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